Othello - Analysis Of Iago Essays (548 words) - Othello, Iago

Othello - Analysis of Iago Shakespeare's Iago is one of Shakespeare's most complex villains. At first glance Iago's character seems to be pure evil. However, such a villain would distract from the impact of the play and would be trite. Shakespeare to add depth to his villain makes him amoral, as opposed to the typical immoral villain. Iago's entire scheme begins when the "ignorant, ill-suited" Cassio is given the position he desired. Iago is consumed with envy and plots to steal the position he feels he most justly deserves. Iago deceives, steals, and kills to gain that position. However, it is not that Iago pushes aside his conscience to commit these acts, but that he lacks a conscience to begin with. Iago's amorality can be seen throughout the play and is demonstrated by his actions. For someone to constantly lie and deceive one's wife and friends, one must be extremely evil or, in the case of Iago, amoral. In every scene in which Iago speaks one can point out his deceptive manner. Iago tricks Othello into beleiving that his own wife is having an affair, without any concrete proof. Othello is so caught up in Iago's lies that he refuses to believe Desdemona when she denies the whole thing. Much credit must be given to Iago's diabolical prowess which enables him to bend and twist the supple minds of his friends and spouse. In today's society Iago would be called a psychopath without a conscience not the devil incarnate. Iago also manages to steal from his own friend without the slightest feeling of guilt. He embezzles the money that Roderigo gives him to win over Desdemona. When Roderigo discovers that Iago has been hoarding his money he screams at Iago and threatens him. However, when Iago tells him some fanciful plot in order to capture Desdemona's heart Roderigo forgets Iago's theft and agrees to kill Cassio. Iago's keen intellect is what intrigues the reader most. His ability to say the right things at the right time is what makes him such a successful villain. However, someone with a conscience would never be able to keep up such a ploy and deceive everyone around him. This is why it is necessary to say that Iago is amoral, because if you don't his character becomes fictional and hard to believe. At the climactic ending of the play, Iago's plot is given away to Othello by his own wife, Emilia. Iago sees his wife as an obstacle and a nuisance so he kills her. He kills her not as much out of anger but for pragmatic reasons. Emilia is a stumbling block in front of his path. She serves no purpose to him anymore and she can now only hurt his chances of keeping the position he has been given by Othello. Iago's merciless taking of Emilia's and Roderigo's lives is another proof of his amorality. If one looks in modern day cinema, one will see the trite villain, evil to the core. Shakespeare took his villains to a higher level. He did not make them transparent like the villains of modern cinema. He gave his villains depth and spirit. Iago is a perfect example of "Shakespeare's villain." His amorality and cynicism give, what would be a very dull character, life.

MLK, Jr. essays

MLK, Jr. essays Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia on January 15, 1929. He faced racism at an early age. When he started school Martin attended a colored school. From then on, he was not allowed to play with his best friends who were white. His mother hugged him and said, You are as good as anyone. He decided from then on he wanted things to be different. Martin never stopped thinking about how he could make the world a better place. He thought about being a doctor and helping people when they were sick, or a lawyer so he could help people when they were in trouble with the law. He finally decided to become a preacher like his father. Martin studied very hard in school. He loved books and hoped he could use powerful words to teach people to respect others. Martin studied so much so that he started college when he was only fifteen. Martin started college in 1944 at Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia where he majored in sociology. He skipped a year in college and graduated in 1948. King then entered Crozer Theological seminary. There Martin learned about Mohandas Gandhi, a man who showed the people of India peaceful ways to change the unjust laws of their government. Gandhi did not use violence. He began to think about ways to use his own preaching to teach others some of Gandhi's ideas. He graduated from Crozer in 1951, and entered Boston University as a doctorial student. It was there he earned the title, Doctor King. While living in Boston, he met his wife Corretta Scott. They were married on June 18, 1953. After receiving his doctorate at Boston University in 1955, he and Coretta moved to Montgomery, Alabama and became the pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. On December 1, 1955, a woman named Rosa Parks was arrested for being a Negro who refused to give up her seat to a white man. Many people in Montgomery felt that Mrs. Parks had not been treat ...

Cultural Assessment slp3- 414 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural Assessment slp3- 414 - Essay Example The most affected group in the South African society is those between 15 and 49 years of age according to (Avert, 2011). Avert further states that the prevalence of the disease in the country varies according to provinces, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumulanga leading with 15.8 percent and 15.4 percent prevalence respectively. Behaviour Contributing to the high Prevalence of HIV?AIDS in South Africa The high prevalence and incidences of HIV/AIDS in South Africa is mainly associated with irresponsible sexual behaviour and the denial of its actual existence. Statistics show that a minor portion of the population of South Africa start having Sex beyond the age of 15, a time when most people are not yet married. At this age, it is highly unlikely that the youths use contraceptives. Yet another major cause of the health problem is sexual violence, rape being a major factor in this category. The engagement in sex with multiple partners whether or not in a polygamous setting has also featured promin ently as another cause of the disease. The scourge is also noted to be more prevalent among heavy drinkers and drug abusers. Many South Africans are reluctant to go for testing which means that they do not know their HIV status. Because of this, the spread of AIDS has not been curbed effectively as such people spread the disease without knowing.

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Operations Management - Essay Example e continuous improvement as a never-ending process, emphasis should be given on restaurant staff, equipment, suppliers, materials (such as ingredients) and processes. Walter Shewhart has developed a circular model PDCA which can be used as a tool for continuous improvement. Another approach which Nok can adopt to emphasis on continuous improvement is to create a small team of 8-12 employees which is known as quality circles. Nok can provide the team with the required tools and techniques through which they can identify the problems and make the required changes to solve the problem (Mahadevan, 2010). The major problem which Nok has realised that she will face is the varying demand of the customers, which will not also result in unavailability of various ingredients but will also result in wastage of unused items. Therefore, the first mission of quality circle will be to determine how to predict the demand of customers rightly and how to ensure just-in-time inventory or stock. In order to determine the solutions to the above mentioned problem, the team should meet at least twice a week for 60-90 minutes to determine the number of customers visited the restaurant during the week and the items that were requested from the menu and the ingredients that wer e used. Once the quality circle gets able to solve this problem, then and only then any problem can be approached. In this way, by using these two quality management approaches, Nok will be better able to improve and ensure the quality of its products/services. Although quality management team or quality circle will be able to determine the areas where the improvements can be made to reduce the defects and problems, however, to understand the root cause of the problem, using Cause and Effect (Fishbone) Diagram can be very significant. Since the ultimate aim of excellent operations management is to achieve the customer satisfaction, therefore, to assess the quality provided by the restaurant and to analyse the

Discuss the racial stereotypes of Mexicans that underpinned Manifest Essay

Discuss the racial stereotypes of Mexicans that underpinned Manifest Destiny - Essay Example The American people held a superior position and felt that their motive to apply their expansionist policies was religiously justified for their God chosen race. In this regard, the presidential candidate embraced the Manifest destiny, whose optimal goal was to ensure that the American territory spans across the seas. In reality, the race stereotypes of the Mexicans underpinned Manifest destiny during the implementation of the expansionist policy by the Americans. Even before the existence of the term Manifest Destiny, the notion of American inferiority was already looming and the Mexicans were already anticipating wars from the American people. In the year 1803, the president of America, Jefferson, acquired the Louisiana territory and the American slowly drifted towards the west becoming among the most dangerous neighbours of the Mexican people. By the time president Poll was getting into power, Mexico was the country that was standing between the United States and the Pacific Ocean . When Poll got into power in 1845, he raised the spirit of Manifest Destiny and the effort to expand USA further west via Mexico was revived. Being a democrat, Poll felt that there was need to develop this political culture across the territories to make a dominant culture (Litke, 2012, p. 198). To the American, the underpinning thrust of the expansionist policy was the urge to democratize the entire of North America and Mexico was a barrier to this legitimate expansion. Shane (2009, P. 10) points out the notion of Americans that Catholics were an inferior religious race. The American’s were obsessed with the motive to grow and develop their countries to become exemplary to the countries that were â€Å"religiously inferior.† This was a stereotypic reference that American used to refer to the Mexican’s who American’s regarded as inferior for the reason that they were catholicists, a religion that was inferior to the protestant group. American’s fe lt that they were the anointed race and that their motive to expand was just a fulfilment of one of the promises that God had made to them. This religious superiority was a source of conflict that intensified the tension between American and the Mexican’s that were already familiar with the intention of President Poll to expand his territories beyond the Mexican boundaries. From this perspective, American’s stereotypical reference of Mexican as a religiously inferior race was a trigger pin that culminated into the war between the two countries. From the US History Guide Book (2010, p. 6), the American leaders were obsessed with the notion to create an admirable city that would be unique from those of the inferior nations. The proponents of expansionism reflect to the idea of Puritans who were the first people to settle in the northern Atlantic, and who, under the inspiration Governor Winthrop, came to believe that their settlement was equivalent to â€Å"a city on a h ill.† Horsman (2009, p. 116) makes a connection between this city on a hill and the term that was later used by Ronald Reagan later in 1980 to describe a different perspective of expansion in America. Reagan referred to America as a â€Å"shining city upon a hill† in his endeavour to paralyse communism and create a country that embraced pure democrats, what he perceived to the

Classical Theories Describing Trade Between Different Nations Economics Essay

Classical Theories Describing Trade Between Different Nations Economics Essay The following essay encompasses a review based on two of the popular Classical Theories describing the fundamental basis for trade between different nations. The foremost part comprises of a treatise about the ways in which Ricardos law of comparative advantage is superior to Smiths theory of absolute advantage. The middle part is a discussion over the gains from trade arising as a result of comparative advantage. The final part talks about ways in which a less efficient country can export anything to a second nation that is more efficient in production of all commodities. In what way was Ricardos law of comparative advantage superior to Smiths theory of absolute advantage? It is imperative to understand Ricardos law and Smiths theory in order to be able to highlight superiority of former over the later. Smiths theory of absolute advantage declares that A country benefits by producing only those products in which it has absolute advantage, or can produce using fewer resources than another country. (Cavusgil, Knight, Riesenberger, 2008 ) Adam Smith was of the view point that since one nations import is the export of another nation so it was not viable for all countries to become wealthy concurrently by following mercantilist view. He asserted that if all countries were to focus only on products in which they have absolute advantage, they could export them to other countries and in return import those products in which they do not have absolute advantage in producing. He believed that this free trade will benefit all countries simultaneously. Ricardos law of comparative advantage states that It can be beneficial for two countries to trade without barriers as long as one is more efficient at producing goods or services needed by the other. What matters is not the absolute cost of production, but rather the relative efficiency with which a country can produce the product. ( Cavusgil, et.al.2008) David Ricardo argued that international trade will benefit countries even if one nation has an absolute advantage in production of all commodoties. He believed that if a country could produce a product more efficiently than a country which was self sufficient in producing the same product but with less efficiency then it is better to import that commodity from the country producing it more efficiently. Though Smith successfully established the case for free trade, he did not develop the concept of comparative advantage. Because absolute advantage is determined by a simple comparison of labor productivities, it is possible for a nation to have absolute advantage in nothing. (www.encyclopedia.com) The above excerpt quite answers the way in which Ricardos law has an advantage over the Smiths theory. The key point of the selection is quite evident: What if a nation has absolute advantage in nothing? Does it stop importing products from other nations because it has nothing to export? This is where David Recardos law of comparative advantage is superior to Smiths theory. It is more comprehensive in terms of associating specialization with opportunity cost. Unlike Smiths theory which is completely based on absolute advantage, Ricardos law of comparative advantage generates hope for nations that are technically on the back foot by entailing that they can involve in international trade even if their labor output in all commodities is less than that of a developed country. In todays scenario, an example could be of Pakistan exporting cotton products to United States and importing military guns, tanks and missiles. (http://internationaltrade.suite101.com/) United States can produce cotton products too but relatively less efficiently than Pakistan. On the contrary, United States has a relative advantage in making military products. According to Ricardos law of comparative advantage, United States is benefitting from Pakistans efficiency in making cotton products whereas Pakistan is benefitting from United Statess efficiency in making military products. The above example justifieses the win-win situation as was proposed by Ricardo. If United States was to choose to grow cotton on its land and make its own cotton products, it could possibly have done that, less efficiently though. This signifies that if Smiths theory was implemented, Pakistan would have nothing left to trade with the United States. How do gains from trade arise with comparative advantage? Based on Ricardos law of comparative advantage, gains from trade arise in terms of increased world output for any commodities that any two countries import and export from each other. No one country wastes extra time and money producing the same product less efficiently which another country can produce more efficiently. Let us assume that Country A produces a commodity more efficiently and therefore has a relative/comparative advantage over Country B for that commodity which might be able to produce that same commodity but less efficiently. Suppose Country A exports its commodity to Country B in exchange for importing something which it cannot produce as efficiently. Both Countries A and B utilized comparative advantage to get what they wanted. Both countries gained from each others area of expertise. This assumption outlines outcome of Ricardos law of comparative advantage. Another example could be of trade between Saudi Arabia and Australia. Both nations utilize their natural advantages to gain from trade. Saudi Arabia has ample Oil which it exports to Australia. In return it imports Bauxite (finest quality of coal) from Australia. In this way, both nations are benefitting by exchanging what they have in excess with what they do not have or which may be there but more difficult to extract. Australia might be having reservoirs of Oil available deep within its Oceanic boundaries but the cost of extracting them would be too high. Labor costs are much higher in developed countries such as United States. These countries mostly hire government owned or government supported firms providing cheap skillful labor in developing countries such as China to get their task accomplished. What did they each gain from trade arising with comparative advantage? Developed countries gain: Cheap labor hence more profit. Developing countries gain: Employment. So it becomes a win-win situation. United States gets its product manufactured at a much lower cost than it would have back in United States. China gets employment. How can a nation that is less efficient than another nation in the production of all commodities export anything to the second nation? Ricardos law of comparative advantage demonstrates that a nation that is less efficient than another nation in the production of all commodities can still export to the second nation. That is because what matters is not the absolute cost of production, but rather the ratio between how easily the two countries can produce the products. (Cavusgil, et.al.2008) Ways in which Ricardos law plays its role in helping a less efficient nation export commodities to a more efficient nation have been discussed in the previous part of question. A less efficient nation can also export to the more efficient nation by implementing and incorporating competitive advantage in its international trade policies. A nation can attain competetive advantage by coming up with innovative advancements, by targeting industries for development, providing low-cost investment, reducing taxes, and by investing in emerging technologies to take up the future. Policies should be encouraging for local and foreign investments such as tax free business in Dubai. Industrial clusters should be promoted which often act as a nations export platform. Michael Porters famous Diamond Model outlines the way a country can increase its competetiveness: ( Cavusgil, Knight, Riesenberger, 2008, pp-104) Conclusion: As is evident from the above essay, Ricardos law is superior from Smiths theory because it justifies that trade is still possible between two countries even if a country does dont have absolute advantage in anything. The above arguments also prove that comparative advantage is advantageous to both the trading nations as a result of utilizing relative advantage in import and export. Besides Ricardos law of comparative advantage, competetive advantage supported by Michael Porters Diamond Model can help a less efficient nation develop industrial clusters so as to be able to export to a more efficient nation.

EPA’s Policy of Superfund Sites Redevelopment into Recreational Facilit

EPA’s Policy of Superfund Sites Redevelopment into Recreational Facilities: The Success of Chisman Creek Introduction Superfund sites are located all across the United States and its territories. These sites have been deemed the worst of the worst in terms of environmental damage; they pose a threat to human health and the environment, prior to their remediation. Superfund sites are usually a result of several years of contamination; however, there are some instances when they are one-time accidents. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is in charge of Superfund, which is the common term for Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and the enforcement of this law in the United States. Superfund was passed in 1980 to establish enforcement surrounding contamination sites in the U.S. and their cleanup. EPA has set up several initiatives and policies that deal with the remediation and redevelopment of these sites. EPA focuses their remediation policies on turning these sites back into productive and useful areas for the community, whether that reuse i s residential, commercial, industrial, or recreational use. Chisman Creek Superfund Site in Virginia was chosen as a site that could be successfully remediated into a recreational facility and serve as an example for other site remediation policy makers. The process by which this contaminated old landfill was redeveloped into a phenomenal recreational facility is an example of EPA successfully pulling together several issues and actors to achieve their agenda. Issues Superfund sites could have many different contaminations and remediation characteristics. The characterization of the site should strongly correlate with... ...ncy and Remedial Responses, Reuse of CERCLA Landfill and Containment Sites, OSWER 9375.3-05P, September 1999. EPA, Office of Emergency and Remedial Responses, Returning Superfund Sites To Productive Use, OSWER 9378.0-16FS, March 1999. EPA, Office of Emergency and Remedial Responses, Chisman Creek, York County, Virginia – Technical Appendix, OSWER 9378.0-16FS, March 1999. WWW.EPA.GOV/oerrpage/superfund/programs/recycle/benefits.htm WWW.EPA.GOV/oerrpage/superfund/programs/recycle/bensum.htm WWW.EPA.GOV/oerrpage/superfund/programs/recycle/recycle.htm WWW.EPA.GOV/oerrpage/superfund/programs/recycle/list170.htm Colvin, George H., "RCRA Cleanup Reforms", Environmental Protection, February 2000. Bolitzer, B and N. R. Netusil, " The Impact of open spaces on property values in Portland, Oregon", Journal of Environmental Management, 59, 185-193, 2000.

Arts, Man on Wire, and Bomb the Suburbs

Lilian Sun Maczynska The Literary Imagination 20 August 2012 Arts, Man on Wire, and Bomb the Suburbs Pan to Houston, Texas at night. On an episode of Stephen Fry in America, produced by Andre Singer, standing on a stage in a dimly lit room, surrounded by Houston’s elite, actor and comedian Stephen Fry speaks of the importance of the arts. â€Å"Oscar Wilde quite rightly said, ‘All art is useless’. And that may sound as if that means it’s something not worth supporting. But if you actually think about it, the things that matter in life are useless. Love is useless. Wine is useless. Art is the love and wine of life.It is the extra, without which life is not worth living. † In contrast to Fry, there are people who wish the government would cut funding for the arts. And then there are the artists. People who fight for the right to practice their art, whether they consciously know they’re fighting or not. People who will go to amazing lengths to sh owcase their art, and their dedication and determination is what gets them mentioned year after year after year. People like Philippe Petit, the quirky French high-wire artist who flew from France just to walk on a wire across the Twin Towers, whose life is forever immortalized in the documentary Man on Wire.People like William â€Å"Upski† Wimsatt, one of the most prolific Chicago-born graffiti artists, who inspired a generation of graffiti artists to view graffiti as an art form in his book Bomb the Suburbs!. Using whatever methods they can, illegal or not, they both worked to achieve their dreams and send their message to the world. They managed to pull people out of the blase outlook mentioned in Georg Simmel’s scholarly essay The Metropolis and Mental Life.One of the most prominent situations where an artist’s dream pulled people out of the unconcerned manner in which they carried themselves was the 1974 high-wire walk between the Twin Towers by Philippe Pe tit. High-wire walking is a form of tightrope walking, much like tight-wire walking, which is the simple art of maintaining balance while walking on a tensioned wire. The difference between the two is that high-wire is at a much greater height. The amount of concentration and balance and individual must have to accomplish this is extremely important in the art of tightrope walking. This s a testament to the level of professionalism and dedication that Petit had. Although he gained his notoriety in the US for walking between the twin towers, he was already gaining observations from various other places in the world, such as France, where he walked between the two spires of the Notre Dame Cathedral, and Australia, where he walked between the two sides of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Petit realized his dream of walking between the Twin Towers when he was sixteen, soon after he had taken up high-wire walking, while in the dentist’s office and seeing an artist’s rendering of the towers as they would look when built.His passion for the art of high wire is best explained by Petit himself in the documentary Man on Wire directed by James Marsh. â€Å"Life should be lived on the edge of life. You have to exercise rebellion: to refuse to tape yourself to rules, to refuse your own success, to refuse to repeat yourself, to see every day, every year, every idea as a true challenge – and then you are going to live your life on a tightrope. † Because of his strong desire to be anything but boring, Petit put everything he had into his art.He practiced with family and friends, letting them help him improve so that one day he would achieve that dream of walking between the Twin Towers. After many years of planning and many hours the previous night setting up, Petit began taking his first steps on the wire. They were all indifferent and did not notice, except the people who were in on ‘the coup’ (his nickname for the act). In 1903, German so ciologist, Georg Simmel speaks of the blase attitude the sights and sounds of the city brought to its inhabitants in his essay The Metropolis and Mental Life. There is perhaps no psychic phenomenon which has been so unconditionally reserved to the metropolis as the blase attitude. The blase attitude results first from the rapidly changing and closely compressed contrasting stimulations of the nerves. † (Simmel par. 5) This is very much the attitude New Yorkers had when Petit started walking across the wire, on the Morning of August 7, 1974. Only after his then girlfriend, Annie Allix, began screaming and pointing to the people around them â€Å"Look! Look! Look, a wire-walker! He’s walking! did people look up and see him, this magnificent artist, walking on the wire, and they were astounded. Said the police officer, Sgt. Charles Daniels, who was sent to apprehend him, † †¦ I observed the tight rope dancer†¦ because you couldn't call him a walker†¦ approximately half-way between the two towers. I personally figured I was watching something that somebody else would never see again in the world. Thought it was once in a lifetime. † By following his dream, no matter the risk (falling to his death, getting arrest d for trespassing), Philippe Petit brought to the world, his own little piece of art, forever immortalized in history, and will always be known as the man who laid in the clouds. Fast forward twenty years, and you’ve wandered into the time period of William â€Å"Upski† Wimsatt. A poor white boy, growing up in the ghetto of Chicago, he was gifted with the art of graffiti. Graffiti is a form of public art, usually spray painted on walls, lamppost, mail boxes, or any other public surfaces, originally used as a form of marking territories between gangs. As time progressed, it became less of a mark of territory, and more of an art form.When graffiti emerged as an art form in the late 1960s in New York City , it was immediately a contentious topic. (Bowen 22) The connotation with gangs and vandalism have fueled the media to paint it in a negative light, and many graffiti artists, or â€Å"writers† as many of them consider themselves, feel that if they spoke up about it, they would be patronized for their art and passion, especially since so many artists came from the ghetto, so instead, they just continued to quietly graffiti on their own, only signing their pieces with their signature, or what is known in the graffiti world as a â€Å"tag†.Above: William â€Å"Upski† Womsott’s tag (left), A piece by Upski entitled â€Å"Upski† (right) A 20-year-old Wimsatt saw the injustice behind this and set out to â€Å"†¦be a pioneering graffiti writer, to be a hip-hop organizer in Chicago, and the be a hip hop journalist. † (Wimsatt 164) in order to revel in the art of graffiti. He writes â€Å"†¦ let’s celebrate the city. Let’s c elebrate the ghetto and the few people who aren’t running away from it. Let’s stop fucking up the city.Let’s stop fucking up the ghetto. Let’s start defending it and making it work for us. † (Wimsatt 11) On the surface of it all, it seems as if Wimsatt only has a strong personal vendetta against suburbs, but he also supports the art of graffiti in a strong way, being an artist himself. With the publication of his book, he inspired a generation of graffiti artists in the 80s and 90s to not hide their art, but to display it proudly and have pride in it and they city in which they live.Although the act of vandalism is illegal (Wimsatt tells of stories where he had to hide and run from the police, or what he perceived to be the police in his paranoia), Wimsatt encourages the act of graffiti in spaces where it can be seen, writing to a fan and fledgling graffiti artist, â€Å"Choose spots that maximize the good impact of the work, while minimizing its b ad side-effects. Maximize public exposure, surprisingness and daring of a piece, while minimizing its insult, and cost to people of the city.The best targets for piecing are usually abandoned buildings, rooftops, and neighborhood permission walls, especially in unexpected places. Questionable targets include all public or private property that gets buffed and raises the cost of living. † (Wimsatt 57) With this, he deliberately proves that he wants to bring recognition and fame to the beauty of the art of graffiti for the art, and not for any destructive reason. Petit and Wimsatt have both brought fame to themselves, and their arts.They both risked getting arrested by the police to be able to showcase this, to inspire a nation, and to motivate a generation. Through diligence, commitment, and persistence, artists every day, not just Philippe Petit and William â€Å"Upski† Wimsatt, contribute to the life force of the arts, as more and more people become aware of the import ance of the arts, and rally to support it. Petit and Though, yes, the arts are not necessary to live, and not every person needs it to be able to sustain a job or anything of the like, however, if one would just imagine the works without art, it is a bleak world.No paintings, no music, no tv, no fashion, no anything that makes this world one worth living in. Like Stephen Fry said, â€Å"Art is the love and wine of life. It is the extra, without which life is not worth living. † 10 Philippe Petit and William â€Å"Upski† Wimsatt unquestionably believe that. Works Cited * Bowen, Tracey E. â€Å"Graffiti Art: A Contemporary Study of Toronto Artists. †Ã‚  Studies in Art Education  41. 1 (1999): 22-23. Print. *   Fry, Stephen. â€Å"Mountains and Plains. †Ã‚  Stephen Fry in America. Dir. John-Paul Davidson and Michael Waldman.BBC. 02 Nov. 2008. Television. * Man on Wire. Dir. James Marsh. Prod. Simon Chinn. By Igor Martinovic, Michael Nyman, J. Ralph, and Jinx Godfrey. Magnolia Pictures, 2008. DVD. * Simmel, Georg. â€Å"Altruists International – 404 Error Page. †Ã‚  Altruists International – 404 Error Page. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Aug. 2012. ;http://www. altruists. org/static/files/The%20Metropolis%20and%20Mental%20Life%20(Georg%20Simmel). htm;. * Wimsatt, William Upski. Bomb the Suburbs. New York, NY: Soft Skull, 2000. Print.

The Vicissitudes of the Latin Plural in English

The Vicissitudes of the Latin Plural in English The Vicissitudes of the Latin Plural in English The Vicissitudes of the Latin Plural in English By Maeve Maddox A recent forum question asks about the word data. The dictionary says the word data can be treated as a singular. But strictly speaking the word is a plural. How does such a thing happen in language? You wouldnt say, the cars is fast. How does a plural gain acceptance as a singular? The answer is, A plural gains acceptance as a singular because language is always changing to suit the comfort of the people who speak it. In the case of data, the singular form datum has been rejected by most English speakers as not sounding right. Hence data is and data are. When the study of Latin was standard in the curriculum of English- speaking children, no one thought twice about using datum as the singular form of data. Now that Latin is a rarity in American education, datum sounds foreign and has been abandoned in general usage. The distinctions between Latin singulars and plurals is still observed for some English words in some contextsscientific or academicbut for the most part, either the singular or the plural Latin form, depending upon which sounds less English, tends to be dropped. Here are some words that started out with Latin singular and plural forms. In some cases both survive. In others, the plural has been anglicized or taken over as the singular. alumna/alumnae; alumnus/alumni Literally foster daughter and foster son, these words refer in American usage to graduates of an educational institution. Most universities tend to use the masculine forms only. Alumnus is still in use as a singular, but I have heard people use alumni as if it could be either singular or plural. datum/data In common usage the plural, data, has become accepted as either singular or plural. medium/media The parts of this pair have taken on different meanings. The plural, media, has come to mean methods of communication such as newspapers, television, radio, and film. Medium can mean the material used by an artist to produce an artistic creation. It can also mean any method for accomplishing something. Ex. As a reporter, hes a member of the media. Which of these mediums do you prefer, watercolor or oil? By means of what medium do you expect to accomplish this? And yes, another kind of medium is a person through whom spirits speak. appendix/appendices The Latin plural is still in use, but one also hears appendixes. formula/formulae The Latin plural persists in scientific contexts, but one often hears formulas. encyclopedia/encyclopediae The English plural encyclopedias is more common than the Latin. index/indices The Latin plural is used in academic contexts, but one commonly hears indexes. axis/axes I dont think Ive ever heard anyone say axises. Its not a word that commonly comes up in conversation. crisis/crises I have heard crisises but in this case the Latin plural crises [cry seez] is easier to say and will probably persist. criterion/criteria Here is a pair that persists in both the Latin singular and plural. One judges the worth of a book according to a set of criteria. One criterion might be style. Another criterion might be accuracy. phenomenon/phenomena A tornado is a phenomenon of Nature. Other phenomena are earthquakes, thunderstorms, and floods. Both the singular and plural forms of this word are alive and well. agendum/agenda Here the singular form has dropped out and people speak of both an agenda and agendas. memorandum/memoranda Both of these forms are still in use, but Ive heard memorandums. cactus/cacti Some people still use the Latin plural, but one hears cactuses. fungus/fungi[fun dzhai] Both forms are in use, but one also hears funguses. hippopotamus/hippopotami Since most people now call them hippos, the Latin plural is not much in use. The plural hippopotamuses is a mouthful and when used tends to sound humorous. Some other unusual singular/plural pairs that may seem to derive from Latin come instead from Greek. They are sometimes mistakenly given invented Latin plurals. octopus You may hear someone use the plural octopi for this word, but the Latin plural would be octopodes. The English plural is octopuses. stigma Heres a word whose original plural has taken on a different meaning with the result that stigmata and stigmas mean different things. A stigma is some kind of negative mark. It is usually used figuratively. Ex. In the 1950s a woman was ruined by the stigma of an illegitimate child. The politician was never able to overcome the stigma of having embezzled state funds. The plural of stigma is stigmas. The original plural stigmata refers to the crucifixion wounds of Christ and to the marks of these wounds as they have appeared on the bodies of certain Christian mystics. Ex. Mystics known to have experienced stigmata include Francis of Assisi and Catherine of Siena. dogma The original plural was dogmata, but dogmas has prevailed. The older plural, however, gives us the adjective dogmatic. There are several other Latin and Greek singular/plural pairs still in use, but these are probably the most common. 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Projects # 1,3,5 Example Projects # 1,3,5 – Speech or Presentation Example Insert and box number here) MA 120 BID: 294 18 February Project 5: Linear Programming Applications An automobile manufacturer makes cars and trucks in a factory that is divided into two shops. Shop 1, which performs basic assembly, must work five man-days on each truck, but only two man-days on each car. Shop 2, which performs finishing operations, must work three man-days for each car or truck it produces. Because of men and machine limitations, Shop 1 has 180 man-days per week available, while Shop 2 has 135 man-days per week. If the manufacturer makes a profit of $300 on each truck and $200 on each car, how many of each should be produced to maximize profit?The variables when solving this particular equation include the man-days, and the machine limitations. The constraints presented in this particular problem are the man-days available per week, which vary depending on shop and task. The objective function of this particular equation is to determine the best way to maximize profi ts based upon vehicles produced. Solution: Let x be the number of trucks and y the number of cars to be produced on a weekly basis. 5x + 2y

The Geography of Russia and Neighboring Countries Essay

The Geography of Russia and Neighboring Countries - Essay Example However, the Russian-speaking group forms more than half of the population followed by Ukrainians, then Uzbeks. There are also other smaller ethnic tribes within the country including Tatar, Bashkir and Chuvash. The country has a population of 142, 470, 272 people with a growth rate of 0.03%. Estimates place the birth rate at 11.8 per 1000 with an infant mortality rate of 7.08 per 1000 infants. The federation has a life expectancy of 70.16 years and 21.5 population densities per square kilometer. According to 2010 estimates, Russia has a 99.70% literacy level. The statistics are almost similar to those of the neighboring countries, especially the Scandinavian countries in east Europe or west of Russia. The federation of Russia recovered from a whole decade of post-Soviet political and economic turmoil to reposition as a world power. The Soviet Union comprised of several countries, precisely fifteen, which included the Russia republic and Scandinavian countries. The religious people of Russia and its neighboring countries can be categorized into Russian orthodox, Christians and Muslims (Kort 30). Russia and neighboring countries are lavishly endowed with natural resources. The federation produces 20% of world’s natural gas. Oil is also available and a valuable commodity in the country. It is self-sufficient in all key industrial raw materials (Blinnikov 60). It also has reserves of less vital, but nevertheless valuable, natural resources, including gold and diamonds. Russia and the neighboring countries are generously furnished with agricultural productive environment. Blinnikov (70) indicates that the neighboring Scandinavian countries provide more than 10% of worlds forest cover. The country encloses all of the vegetation zones in the world except tropical rain forest. The coldest weather is found in the east and north of the country. Extreme weather is nastiest from April

Bermuda Triangle Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Bermuda Triangle - Research Paper Example A body of water that seems to take human sacrifices, making both man and machine disappear as they trek across its waters. Be it by air or sea, it seems that there is an unnatural force existing in that area that our modern abilities cannot overcome. The Bermuda Triangle has thus, remained a mystery for many decades now. However, time has not satiated man's quest to explain the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle. Rather, it has only fed his desire to conquer one of the most inexplicable places on our planet. Therefore, the questions continues to remain â€Å"What is the Mystery of the Bermuda Triangle?†. There have actually been a number of myths developing around the strange and mysterious disappearance that have happened in the area that can be traced all the way back to the time of Columbus and the discovery of the New World. Historically, there have been a long line of military and private vessels that have gone missing within the triangle area, the most popular disappearance being that of the fame female pilot Amelia Earhart. Most recently however, famed fashion designer Vittorio Missoni was also reported to have disappeared during a flight that took his plane directly into the triangle's path (Speigel, Lee â€Å"Vittorio Missoni's Disappearance Gives Rise to New Fears of Bermuda Triangle Worldwide†). ... on in the North Atlantic Ocean that forms a triangle using the bodies of water located within three key points; Miami, Florida, Bermuda, and San Juan, Puerto Rico (â€Å"The Bermuda Triangle†). When one views the and traces these location points on a current world map, one will easily notice the triangle formation that exists within the three. It is this very specific shape of the area that led to the name Bermuda Triangle, with Bermuda being the central point between the three. Although most popularly known as the Bermuda Triangle by most people, the name was never made official for the area. In fact, there is still a huge scientific and social debate as to whether the Bermuda Triangle actually exists or not. The area has not even been cordoned off ala Area 51. Instead, the stretch of water occupied by these points continue to be a source of air and water traffic for the region. There have been no reports of extra precautions being undertaken such as higher insurance premiums or vessel surveillance when ships and planes pass through the area. Agrosy Magazine was the first magazine to have used the term â€Å"Bermuda Triangle† in an article written by Vincent H. Gaddis in 1964. Gaddis is documented in the magazine article as being the first person to use the term in making a publicly claim that ships and planes disappeared under mysterious circumstances within this sea area. However, Fate Magazine in 1952 published the first documented claim that the area seemed to be infested with strange accidents (â€Å"The â€Å"Mystery† of the Bermuda Triangle†). These published claims helped fuel the various theories that added to the mystery and interest of the public in learning more about what lay beneath the mysterious waters. Covering an area of over 500,000 square miles, the